You can string these cubes onto the filament (1,75[mm]) thread. It's enough for a color check, then use numbers in your slicer, under the Filaments/User Presets setting to store every other important information.

This way you force yourself to maintain order/organize on the software side as well, which will come in handy in the long run and I think it's much better than using pencils and papers like in the 20th century.

As soon as the spool is empty, you can put these numbers in the case if you want.

Attachment:
Case - Base
Case - Cover
Numbers for the case (0-20) (3mf.zip, stl.zip)
Smaller cubes - Numbers for the case (1-9) (3mf.zip and stl.zip)

if you want to test my models: Use/Print "Dummy_base" and “Dummy_big” models first.
If you don't want to use the case - there are smaller cubes with numbers. (1-9)

Formats:
.STL
.3MF
.Step (SimpleSample.zip)
.Shapr (SimpleSample.zip)
.XT (SimpleSample.zip)

More info:
I used 10mm Arial fonts everywhere.